![]() By measuring the return loss and Smith chart to evaluate the concentration change at resonant frequencies, the return loss was observed to change by an average of 0.058 dB for every 100 mg/dL change, and the impedance magnitudes and phase angles analyzed through the Smith chart were observed to have a certain tendency, which confirmed that they were changed. Each MPA constituted a sharp narrow band characteristic and induced a large change in return loss. Five types of MPAs were fabricated that formed resonant frequencies in the 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 GHz bands, and were used in the experiment. To evaluate blood glucose level changes in the human body, the concentration of measurements was changed 10 times to an equivalent of 100 mg/dL in a range of 0–1000 mg/dL to reflect a concentration of 400 mg/dL, which is the fatal level of diabetes. This paper describes a basic study on the measurement of return loss and change in Smith chart using a microstrip patch antenna (MPA) with concentration transition to perform non-invasive blood glucose measurements. ![]()
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